Chain-link wire fabric



Nov. l, 19432. A. A. G. LAND CHAIN LINK WIRE FABRIC A 4Sheets-Sheet 1Filed Feb. 17, 1950 .3 sible also to rovide stiff rails or auxiliar wirefence includinoa chain-link wire fabric p 7 C 0 Patented Nov. 1, 19321,885,361

Uren STATES PATENT oir-Fics@ Application led February 17, 1930. SerialNo. 428,889.

My invention relates to chain-link wire rics, in which novel Vbut,simple secondary fabrics, namely fabrics composed of `zigzag formationsimpart su'chan'enhanced longitustra-nds extending transversely ofthefabric, 'dinal rigidity 'tofabrics which 'have portions with each strandpresent-ing bights at each composed of ordinaryformsof meshesgl'an'd 5edge of the zigzag strand, and with each two aimsjto provide strandconstructions which F consecutive strands intertwined to interlock willreadily permit the number and location `bights of these strands. i' ofthe rigidity-enhancing mesh sides to be Fabrics of this construction canreadily be varied according to thesize and shape ofthe manufactured withquite simple machines said main meshes, and 'according to th'cdiamf fand at low cost in any desired width of the veter and rigidity ofthewire employed for 60 fabric; and also have the advantage over thestrands. other fabric constructions `that 'each strand So also, myinvention aims to provide a is eifectively hinged to each of the.strands rigidity-enhancing strand 'and fabric conbetween which it isdisposed, so that the struction for chain-link wire fabrics,.whichfabric can readily be rolled up even when can be employed with equalfacility and `ef`ec W made of stiff wire. tive'n'ess in vconnection withmain fabricmesh- However, the chain-link fabrics as* herees of widelyvarying shapes; and which will tofore in use cannot be longitudinallytenenhance. rather than detract from, the apsioned to any considerabledegree-as when pearance of the fabrics. a

gg. stretching such fabrics between widely'spaced Sti ll further andvalso more detailed Vobjects fence posts-without distorting the shape ofwill appear from the following specification the meshes and contractingthe fabric in and from the accompanying drawings, in width.Consequently, such fabrics have only which drawings l been extensivelyused when it was, permis- Fig. l is an elevation of a portion .of a

wires extending longitudinally of the fabembodying my invention;whifclrfabric has ric at both edges of the fabric, to which thetension-enhancing meshes both at its 'upper fabric can be attached so asto be entirely and lower edges and along two intermediate framed byauxiliary stiffening members. portions. l

l My present invention aims to provide a Fig. 2 is an enlarged elevationof a portion chain-link wire fabric composed of strands of a fabricsimilar to that of Fig. vl, but hav having zigzag formations so formedas to ing more closely spaced rows of the tensionaord interlinkedportions'extending longienhancing mesh-es and V rigidity-affording v,tudinally of the fabric in common planes, strand legs. f

which portions cooperate like the links of Fig. 3'is an elevation yofone of the counter- 85 an ordinary chain to take the strain of the partstrand parts of lwhich the fabricporlongitudinal tensioning; therebyeliminating vtion of Fig. 2 is composed. i

the need of any auxiliarybars or frame mem- Fig. 4 is an enlarged planview of the strand bers, and permitting the fabric to be adeof Fig. 3. I:'1 quately tensioned even when made of rela- -Fig -5 is an enlargedhorizontal section 9g tively light wire. Moreover, my yinvention takenalong the linee-5 of Fig. 2.

aims to provide a chain-link wire fabric in Fig. 6 is an enlargement ofthe dotted porwhich the number of these chain-link portion 6 of Fig. 2.tions can readily be varied without increas- Fig. 7 is a diagrammaticelevation ofa porf. ing the manufacturing difficulties, so as to tion ofanother tension-enhanced fabric em- 9 5, afford varying degrees ofrigidity in the bodying my invention, namely one in which fabric. themain meshes .are tall in proportion to Furthermore, my invention aims toprovide their horizontal spread. y a

easily manufactured and readily intertwined Fig. 7 A is a diagrammaticelevation of a :io constituent strands for chain-link wirefabfabricportion in which chain-efl`ect legs are 'im adjacent to, but spaced froma longitudinal edge of the fabric.

Fig. 7 B is a diagrammatic and fragmentary elevation of a portion ofafabric in which the major meshes are all diamond-shaped and in whichthe fabric presents chainedect legs extending along the top and bottomcorners of each longitudinal row of these diamondshaped meshes.

Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic elevation of a portion of a fabricpresentingdouble rows of chain-effect strand legs.V

Fig. 9 is an enlarged elevation of one of the strands of which thefabric of Fig. 8 is composed.

Fig. 10 is an enlarged elevation of one of the portions of the fabric ofFig. 8 which present the double rows of chain-effect strand legs.

Fig. 11 is a plan View of the fabric portion shown in Fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a diagrammatic elevation of a portion of a fabric presentingpartly diamond-shaped and partly triangular meshes between two rows ofthe chain-effect strand legs. Y

Fig.,13 is a diagrammatic elevation of a fabric portion including threerows of chainelfect strand legs, showing variations in the shape of themeshes in the fabric.

Fig. 14 is a fragmentary and diagrammatic elevation of a portion of achain-link wire fabric provided at its upper end and also at its loweredge with rows of chain-effect strand legs more closely spaced thanthose of Fig. 8.

Fig. 15 is an enlarged elevation of an upper portion of the fabric ofFig. 14.

Fig. 16 is a diagrammatic elevation of a portion of a fabric embodyingmy novel chain-effect strand legs and presenting a medial double rou7 ofsuch legs in association with meshes of different shape from the othermeshes of the fabric. K

Fig. 17 is an enlarged elevation of a vertically medial part of thefabric of Fig. 16.

Figs. 18 to 22 inclusive are diagrammatic views showing the use of mychain-effect strand legs and rigidity-increasing secondary meshes infabrics presenting meshes of various ornamental configurations.

Since such tension-enhanced fabrics are particularly suitable for use asfences, I am here describing my invention in that con* nection, and inFig. 1 am showing an upright fabric of my invention, supported by fenceposts. The meshes of this fabric are mainly of the usual so-calleddiamond-mesh shape, namely meshes M shaped like a square having its legsat equal angles to a longitudinal edge ofthe fabric; while certainhorizontal rows of meshes S are of triangularshape, with thetriangle-base forming legs of the meshes in leach such row extending ina common horizontal plane, so that these interlinlred base legs affordchain effect to increase the rigidity of the fabric.

To provide such a mesh arrangement in a fabric composed entirely ofconsecutively intertwined strands extending transversely of the fabric,I employ counterpart zigzag strands, such as that shown in Fig. 3 as aconstituent strand of the fabric portion of Fig. 2. Each such strand isa flattened spiral (shown in enlarged plan view in Fig. 4) which is ofzigzag elevation (as shown in Fig. 3).v 'Viewed in elevation, the strandpresents its consecutive bights B alternately at opposite lateral edgesof the strand, and the bights at each edge of the strand aline on linesparallel to the longitudinal medial axis A of the zigzag strand, eachbight being constituted by what is approximately a 180-de gree bend in aplan view of the strand.

To obtain both the ordinary diamondshaped main meshes M and thesecondary tensioning meshes S in the resulting fabric after the mannerillustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, l provide the strand with zigzagformations presenting consecutive oblique strand legs 1 which cross thestrand axis A at equal acute angles. Then also provide strand vlegs 2,each of which extends at right angles to the strand axis A. with atleast one of these legs 2 disposed between two strand sections in whichthe consecutive legs extend Oblique to the said axis. Thus constructed,each strand is made up of sections in which all of the legs 1 are atoblique angles to the strand axis A.; while each leg 2 which is commonto consecutive sections, crosses the axis of the strand at right anglesto this axis and parallel to the longitudinal edge line of the fabric.When these strands are assembled, each two strands form meshes S and Mwhich are of equal width longitudinally of the fabric but of differentspreads transversely of the fabric. In the assembled fabric the shortermeshes S are disposed between taller meshes M, and the meshes S and Marranged respectively in sections extending longitudinally of thefabric; and the wire portions 2, which are common to the consecutivesections, extending parallel to the edge line of the fabric. The wireportions l of the main meshes M extend at acute angles to the edge lineof the fabric and they also extend at acute angles to the basal meshsides 2 of the secondary tensioning meshes S.

"When such counterpart strands are consecutively spirally intertwinedthrough one another to interlink the bights at one edge of each strandwith the bights at the adjacent edge of the next strand, the interwinedstrands present so-called diamond meshes il (each having four of thelegs 1 as its inclined sides); and also present triangular stiffeningmeshes S, each having a hor1zon- :ta-l base formed by two interlinked,strand legs 2, and Atwo inclined triangle .sides each constituted by astrand leg "1.

customary to slide a vertical bar 4 throughfV the vertically alinedbights at each end of the fabric. One of tnese bars 1s then lashed.,

as by clamps 5 to a fence post 6, and a bar 4 at the other end of thefabric is fastened to a companion fence post `after pulling the fabrictaut horizontally.

lf the fab-ric were composed entirely of the diamond meshes M, aseparational movement of two suoli bars 4 would elongate each such meshhorizontally and contract it in height, as shown in dotted lines at 7 inFig. y2. Consequently, the fabric could only be stretched tant if madeof much heavier and stiffer wire than would otherwise be needed for afence, unless the upper and lower edges of the fabric were Erstconnected also to auxiliary rails -or stiffening wires extending betweenthe fence posts.

However, with my fabric each horizontal row of the auxiliary meshes Spresents the Y interlinked base legs 2 of these meshes in the form of ahorizontally disposed chain, corresponding in plan view to Fig. 11.Consequently, these chain-forming strand legs positively limit thelongitudinal stretching of the fabric, since an elongation such as thatshown in dotted lines at 7 in Fig. 2 could only be obtained by acorresponding longitudinal stretching of two consecutive mesh legs 2,and

such a longitudinal stretching of the chainforming mesh legs wouldrequire a many times greater force than that-required for merelychanging Vthe angle between two con- Y secutive main mesh sides 1.

For this reason, a longitudinal stretching of the 'fabric tothe slightextent required for tensioning each of the chains formed by a series ofhorizontally consecutive strand legs will not materially change theshape of any of the meshes of the fabric. However, even this tensioningof the chain-forming fabric portions will also effect a tensioning ofthe inclined mesh legs which approximately aline with each other, as forexample the series of legs Tin Fig. 2, so that every mesh in the fabricwill also be drawn taut when the chainforming legs in the fabric aretensioned. Consequently, I readily secure a much greater tautness andrigidity than has heretofore been obtainable with chain-link wirefabrics of the same size of mesh when formed ofthe'same size andrigidity of wire. This great ldifference in tautness 4and rigiditypermits me to 4.employ much lighter wire for such fabrics,therebyeifectng a correspondingly largesaving in v.the lcost of thefabric.

For many purposes, and particularly for fabrics of relativelyA smallfabric widths (or relatively small heights when used in uprightpositions), the chain-forming strand legs 2 only need to be provided ator adjacent to .each edge o-f the fabric. However, additionalintermediate chain-forming legs 2 may also be employed, as shown forexample in Fig. 1) for fabrics of greater width in proportion to theirlength, or to secure the desired rigidity with a lighter wire than`would be required when the chain-forming legs are disposed only at eachlongitudinal edge of the fabric.

-Moreover, the relative proportion between the .height 8 of thetriangular-mesh forming zigzag strand portions (Fig. 3) and the mainmeshforming portions 9 is immaterial, so that the sh-ape selected for eitherof the two types of `meshes may be greatly varied. For example, both themain (diamond shaped) meshes .and the secondary (triangular) meshes may'J be of greater height in proportion to their width than those of Figs.land 2, as shown in Figs. 7 and 7 B.

So also, the advantages secured by these chain-forming fabricv portionscan be `ini creased still further by forming the strands so as ltopresent pairs of such chain-forming -strand `legs in closely spacedportions of the rstrand instead of single and widely spaced strand legsof this disposition. For example, Fig. .Sdiagrammatically shows aportion of a fabric, formed from strands (Fig. 9), each of whichystrands presents pairs of horizontal legs 10, with the legs l0 `ofeachpair connected by a single triangle-side-formingv inclined stra-nd leg11, thereby substantially doubling the chain effects in the fabric overthat in a fabric of the type of Fig. 2.

Where a still higher rigidity is desired' for a fabric of given size,made of the same wire. and with the same size of its main meshes, thiscan be secured by more closely spacing the twochain-forming strand legsof each pair of such adjacent legs, such as the legs `12 and 12 A inFig. 15, which figure is an enlargement of a part of Fig. 14.

Furthermore, the shapes and relative proportions of both the main meshesand the secondary or tensioning meshes of my novel fabric can be variedgreatly without materially aii'ecting its above recited advantages. Forexample, Fig. 16 diagrammatically shows an lembodiment of my inventionin which a part Vof the secondary meshes are of the siabight type morefully disclosed in my pending application No. 461,276, filed June 16,1930, on a chain-link wire fabric. Fig. 17 shows an enlarged elevationof a part of such a fabric portion.

Figs. 18 to 22 inclusive show embodiments of my invention in fabricspresenting other types of ornamental meshes, thus illustrating howgreatly the appearance of such fabrics can be altered. Each of thesefigures also shows an essential characteristic which is found likewisein the heretofore described types, namely the securing of the enhancedstrength and rigidity in a fabric having` a given shape of main meshes,by also including secondary meshes of less height than the main meshes;which secondary meshes are shortened or truncated forms of the mainmeshes and present legs extending longitudii' nally of the fabric, or atright angles to the medial longitudinal axes ofthe strands of which thefabric is composed.

For example, in Fig. 18, the secondary meshes 13 A are shortened ortruncated modifications of the main meshes 13, and the same relationholds true of the secondary or tension-enhancing meshes 141 A, and 15 Aof Figs. 19 and 2O with respect to the main meshes (14- and 15respectively) of these figures. ln the fabrics of Figs. 2, 7, 8, 19 and20, each such secondary mesh corresponds in shape and size to half of amain mesh and presents either its upper or its lower mesh sidelongitudinally ofthe fabric, and in Fig. 18 each secondary meshcorresponds to somewhat more than half a main mesh.

However, such a patterning of the secondary meshes after portions ofmain meshes is not imperative, since the advantages of my fabricconstruction can also be secured when the secondary or tensioning meshesare decidedly different in appearance from the main meshes, providedthat they present mesh sides extending longitudinally of the fabric. For

xample, Fig. 21 shows the use of triangular tensioning meshes S infabrics in which the general appearance depends largely on the providingof much larger main meshes M of curved and ornamental configuration, inconjunction with main meshes lll and O of other shapes. 22 shows the useof tensioning meshes S in connection with six-bight .main meshes P, andtwo-bight main meshes R, and four-bight main meshes t).

Since the constituent flattened spiral strands for any of the hereillustrated fabrics can be manufactured cheaply with simple machinery,and can easily be consecutively interwisted, my invention does notinvolve any increase in the manufacturingl cost over that of theordinary diamond-mesh chain-link wire fabrics. 0n the other hand, itpermits the use of considerably lighter wire for securing anypredetermined rigidity in a fabric presenting a given general type ofmain meshes, thereby considerably reducing the cost. Furthermore, myfabrics afford a larger factor of safety against an excessive tensioningduring their erection than is obtainable with the ordinary chainlinkwire fabrics in which all strand legs extend at acute angles across thestrand axes.

However, while presenting these advantages over the chain-link fabricsheretofore employed, by fabrics retain the advantages of this generalclass of fabrics over wire fabrics in which the constituent strandsextend longitudinally of the fabric. Fabrics of the la ter type cannotbe rolled up for compact storage or shipment when made of stiff wire;whereas the interlocking Vof the bights of every two consecutive strandsin my fabric affords a hinging connection between these strands, so thatmy fabric (in spite of enhanced strength) can readily be rolled up andunrolled again even when made of a cheap and stiff grade of wire.

Moreover, by untwisting the ends of any strand of my fabric, and thenspirally rotating this strand, this strand can readily be removed,'thereby severing any desired length of the fabricA from the roll andleaving smooth fabricV edges; whereas fabrics in which the strandsextend longitudinally of the fabric cannot be severed without usingcutting tools leaving ends. So also, fabrics composed of longitudinallyextending strands cannot be connecte-"l to each other without diiiicultymade and unsightly joints, whereas lthe mere intertwisting of a 'andbetween the end strands of two pieces of my fabric will make aninvisible joint between these pieces.

Since the rigidity of my fabric will obviously be greatest along thechain-like tensioning legs of the secondary meshes, its ""cidity can bevaried (with a given size and i. pe of main meshes and a given size of we) by merely varying the number of such chain-like tensioning portionsin the fabric. also, with a given spacing between the rows ofchain-effect base legs in the secondary meshes, the resiliency of theintervening portions of the fabric can be varied by changing the size ofthe main meshes.

Hence my fabric will readily afford the needed longitudinal resistanceto tensioning,

along with desirable resiliency to withstand impacts at ight angles tothe general plane fabric, evenV when the main meshes tall in proportionto their widths; so that l can obtain the same ball-excluding effect (asin a fence around a tennis court) with meshed fabrics of the type ofFig. 7 as that obtained heretofore with fence fabrics composed mainly ofdiamond meshes similar to those of Fig. 7, but stilfened by rigid upperand. lower rails, and at a large reduction in cost. Y

Furthermore, since my secondary tensioning meshes can readily be usedconjointly with main meshes in which mesh sides are formed to reduce themaximum size of objects r. LJ

closed in my Patent No'. 11,816,381?, ',dated July 28, 1931, Ona-wirefence or' grille fabric, the conjoint use olf my presentA inventionwith'l that of the said patent permitsmet'o secure'any desired rigidityand resiliency in wiresajving fabrics of high'objectexcluding effect andofh-ighly ornamental appearances.

It willV also be obvious from thedra-wings thatI I canL provide ltheseverely tensionabl'e chain-effect portions' in fabricsV having wider`ly different shapes of'me'shes, .asshwn forexample by' a-Icomparison"yof Figs?, 21 g" lalsothat with' meshesof given general sha-pes, therelative heights and widths of the meshes may be varied. So also, thenumber of lon'- gitudinal along: which thel tension-ing is effected',and the relative spacing between these lines may be variedasshown forexe ample,- by comparing Figs.'12',"8"and 14'. Likewise, Ysomev of pthe; tension-affording strand portionsma-y form meshes ofconsiderablydifferent appearancexthanfothe'r meshes of the fabric', asillustratedin' 16. Moreover, thema-nner inY which the free ends of the adj acentstrands aresecuredfto each other at the'vl'ongitudinal edges,J ofthefabrici is immaterial" as'far as my present invention is concerned,since this invention in its major' as@Y pects aimsto provide means whichwill' permit a longitudinal tensioningg of'v the fabric also along one'or more lines spaced' from the. lateral edges' of the fabric.

I am aware that some heretoforeproposed lwire fabrics have been formed.so as to pre' sent hi'ghly tensionfresisting longitudinalv edges' whilehaving'the entire remaining' porL tion Aof the fabric highly resilientand incapable of any'considerable tensioning. I am also aware tha-twinefabrics have heretofore been' manufacture'dl'by consecutively inter-V,twinlng zigzag wireV strands; but these strands invariably have" all ofthe zigzag formations in each strand counterparts of each other, andhave had the consecutive l spacings between bights at the same edge 0fany single strand equal, it having been com- Inonly assumed that zigzagstrands could only be intertwined when they havethe just recitedcharacteristics which cause each twov intertwined strands to bordermeshes of uniform resistance to tensioning' However, I have discoveredthat zigzag strands can also be consecutively intertwined into a fabricwhen the zigzag formations in each strand are not all counterparts ofone the strands) can be greatly varied in different i fabricI portionsspaced transversely of the fabric,whereby the fabrics will presenteither longitudinal tensioning lines7 (each composed of single legs ofconsecutive'strand's) -or longitudinal rows of highly tension-resist ingmeshes; 'whereby the remaining meshes can' be formed so thatstrains onthem will be partly transmittedv to theseA tensioning lines or rows ofhigher-tension-resisting meshes;

and whereby the appearance of such wireV fabrics can be greatly variedandimproved.

However, while Ihave illustrated my novel strands (as in Figs. 4and-.11) in a form in which eachbight extendsin plan view throughanarcof 180 degrees, and inv whichthe successive strand legs extend inspaced vertical planes, I do not wish to be limited to this or Vother"details of the' construction and arrangel y ment abovedisclosed. Changesmight obviously bey made without departing eitherl from the spirit of myinvention or from the appended claims, and I alsodo not wish to belimited as'v to the uses of my herepresentedy fabric.

For example, while the rigidity-enhancing portions of my fabricdesirably include chainafi'ord'ing'mesh sides adjacent toeach l'ongilnot necessarily extend along the extreme edge. Thus, A shows the sidesofa row of' secondary meshes as extending beyond the.

'tudinal edge of the fabric, such portions need".

upper chain-effect links: scfv aste`V present anJv upper: saw-toothedYedge for the fabric., which 1s often desirable 1n fences around lawns.

Fi1rthermore,"itis toA be understood that"v theiTtermsAinterlinkedi` orintertwined are f used 1n Vthe'cl'ai-nf'isr as meaning armereinterlooping ofthe blghts of 'adjacent strands sovv that bightfof'onestrand extends only part" wayfaroundtheA otherstrand ,'(whi-h permitsvthe strandfs'to -bes'piral'l'y intertwined) as dis-v tinguishedfronitwisting a strand portion" one or more -wh'ole"turn's around anotherstrand portion vafter thema-nner employed in wire fabrics in which' theconstituentstrands ext-endlongitudinaliycf'thefabric;

I'claim' as my invention 'Wim-fata@ Compri/Sag estanca ands iconsecutively intertwined zigzag strands1V extend-ing transversely ofthefabric, thefzigzag formati'onr ofthe strandsbeing such that theintertwined strands form rows of meshes extending longitudinally of the.strand the meshes-'of each ro'win a portionof the fabricbeinigconipo'sed Yentirely of meshes having at least'four mesh-sideportions oblidueto a l longitudinal" edgev of the fabric;I the fabricalso including at a distance fromboth' longitudinal edges ofthe vfabric"at least onelongitud'in'a-l: row of meshes each of which meshes has meshside extendingV longitudinally of the' fabric. Y

2. A wire fabriccomprising consecutively intertwined flattenedzigzagwires extending transversely of the fabric," 'and' presentingsecondary meshes disposed in iows extending and each presenting bightsat each edge of the strands, each two consecutive strands being twistedthrough one another to interlock the bights at the adjacent edges of-these strands; the formation of the strands being such as to form rowsof main meshes extending longitudinally of the fabric, each such ineslihaving the general direction of four of its sides disposed at an acuteangle to a longitudinal edge of the fabric. rows of secondary meshes iiiwhich the base sides of the meshes extend substantiallyT in alinementwith each other and parallel to the said fabric edge, at least one suchrow of secondary meshes heing spaced transversely of the fabric fromboth longitudinal edges of the fabric.

fl. A constituent strand for a chain-link wire fabric comprising a wirefo-rined into a zigzag formation in elevation when the axis of thestrand is upright, the strand pre- 1 senting bights at each lateral edgeof the strand and legs diverging from each such bight; the strandincluding consecutive legs each having a portion thereof extendingoblique to the said axis, also including at least one leg interposedbetween obliquely extending legs and extending at right angles to thesaid axis.

5. A constituent strand for a chain-link wire fabric comprising a zigzagwire presenting bights at each lateral edge when the axis of the strandis upright and presenting legs diverging from each such bight; thezigzag formation being such that the strand includes two longitudinalsections in which all of the legs diverging from the bights in each suchsection are oblique to thegeneral axis of the zigzag strand, and aninterposed strand portion which has at least one leg extending at rightangles to the said axis.

6. A constituent strand for a chain-link type of wire fabric comprisinga wire formed to a zigzag formation to present bights at oppositelateral edges of the strand, each two consecutive bights of the strandconnected by a leg; the major portion of the strand consisting ofconsecutive legs each having a part thereof extending in a directionoblique to the axis of the strand; the strand also including a pluralityof legs extending at right angles to the axis of the strand, at

least one of which legs is interposed betweenV two obliquely extendinglegs.

7. A constituentY strandk for aVchain-linlr` wire fabric, comprising awire bent to a zigzag formation to present bights alternately atopposite lateral edges of the strand, i

each two consecutivel bights of theV strand being connected by a legextending across` the longitudinal axis of the strand, the major portionof the strand being composed of consecutive legs extending, oblique tothe said axis; the strand also including a leg extending at right anglesto the said axis and respectively adjacent to one end of the strand,

and at least one leg interposed between obliquely extending legs andextending at right angles to the said axis and spaced from both ends ofthe strand.

8. A wire fabric comprising zigzag strands consecutively intertwined sothat each two consecutive strands border a row of meshes, each strandpresenting a row of bights at each longitudinal edge ofthe strand andhaving all night-connecting strand legs extending across the generalaxis of the strand;

the majority of such legs extending oblique Y' to the said axis, so thatthe parts of two consecutive strands in which Vall legs extend oblique'to the said axis, form four-sided meshes having all mesh-sides obliqueto the said axis; each strand also including legs each extending atright angles to the said axis and disposed between two obliquclyextending legs, whereby the parts of two consecutive strands consistingof such a right-angled extending` leg and the adjacent oblique legs formtriangular meshes having their basalA sides extending at right angles tothe said axis.

Signed at Chicago, Illinois, February 15th,

ARTHUR A. G. LAND.

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